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Learning Objectives

2 minutes reading
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Express reasons using because and as/since
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Show results using so and therefore
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Explain purposes with to, in order to, and so that
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Create logical flow in presentations and reports
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Key for this lesson

Reason: because/as/since. Result: so/therefore. Purpose: to/in order to/so that. Link your ideas logically!

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Grammar Explanation

4 minutes reading
Reasons & Results

Explaining Why and What Happened

Because + clause (reason) / So + clause (result)

Reason: "We postponed the demo because the client was away."

Result: "The client was away, so we postponed the demo."

Formal: "Due to budget cuts, therefore, we reduced costs."

becauseassincesotherefore
Purpose

Explaining the Goal

To / In order to / So that + clause

Simple: "I called to confirm the meeting."

Formal: "We invested in order to expand the business."

With subject: "I sent notes so that everyone could prepare."

toin order toso thatso as to
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Because vs So

Because introduces the REASON. So introduces the RESULT. "We were late because of traffic" vs "There was traffic, so we were late."

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Context & Professional Usage

5 minutes reading

Reasons (because/as/since)

📅Scheduling: "We rescheduled because the room was booked."
📊Decisions: "We chose Option A as it was cost-effective."
⏰Delays: "Since the data wasn't ready, we waited."
💰Budget: "Due to budget constraints, we reduced scope."

Purposes (to/in order to/so that)

📧Communication: "I'm emailing to confirm the details."
📈Growth: "We hired staff in order to expand."
📝Documentation: "I took notes so that we have a record."
🎯Goals: "We met early to prepare for the pitch."
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Business English Examples

6 minutes reading
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Professional Linking Language

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"We postponed the meeting because the client had an emergency."

Reason with because

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"The client had an emergency, so we postponed the meeting."

Result with so

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"We implemented changes in order to improve efficiency."

Purpose (formal)

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"I sent the report early so that you could review it before the meeting."

Purpose with different subject

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Common Mistakes

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"Because the traffic, we were late."

Use: "Because of the traffic..." (noun) or "Because there was traffic..." (clause)

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"I called for to confirm the meeting."

Use: "I called to confirm..." (simple infinitive)

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"We did it so we can improve."

Use: "...so that we could improve" (purpose)

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Professional Listening Exercise

6 minutes

Listen to a project update explanation:

🎵Audio: Project Update
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Speed:

Manager: Let me give you a quick update on the website project.

Team: Great, we've been waiting for news.

Manager: First, we postponed the launch because we found some bugs in testing.

Team Member: How serious were they?

Manager: Quite serious. Since the payment system wasn't working correctly, we couldn't risk launching.

Team Member: Good decision.

Manager: Yes. So we extended the timeline by two weeks in order to fix everything properly.

Team Member: What about the client?

Manager: I called them to explain the situation. They understood. They'd rather have a working site than a broken one.

Team Member: That's a relief.

Manager: We also added more testing so that we can catch any future issues early. Therefore, the new launch date is March 15th.

Team Member: Thanks for the update. We'll make sure everything is ready.

Question 1: Why was the launch postponed?

Question 2: Why did the manager call the client?

Question 3: Complete: "We extended the timeline _______ to fix everything properly."

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Quick Comprehension Quiz

4 minutes
1

Expressing reason:

AWe were late so there was traffic.
BWe were late because there was traffic.
CWe were late to there was traffic.
2

Expressing purpose:

AI called because confirm the meeting.
BI called so confirm the meeting.
CI called to confirm the meeting.
3

Expressing result:

AIt rained, so we cancelled the event.
BIt rained, because we cancelled the event.
CIt rained, to we cancelled the event.
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Professional Practice Exercises

7 minutes

Exercise A: Complete with because, so, to, or in order to

1. We rescheduled the meeting _______ the room was double-booked.

2. The room was double-booked, _______ we rescheduled the meeting.

3. I'm emailing _______ confirm our appointment.

4. We hired a consultant _______ improve our processes.

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Speaking Preparation

4 minutes
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Preparation for Class

Practice explaining reasons and purposes in professional situations.

📝 Task 1: Reasons (1 min)

Explain a work decision: "We did X because... / Since Y, we..."

🎯 Task 2: Purposes (2 min)

Explain goals: "I'm doing this to... / in order to... / so that..."

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Module 6 Complete!

Key connectors: Sequencing, relative clauses, reasons (because/so), purposes (to/in order to)
Next: Module 7 - Fluency and Everyday Communication

Module Overview
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